{"id":13983,"date":"2024-11-14T18:23:59","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T19:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wifamily.news\/?p=13983"},"modified":"2024-11-14T19:56:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T19:56:28","slug":"justice-has-gotten-swifter-in-wisconsin-observers-see-room-for-more-improvement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wifamily.news\/?p=13983","title":{"rendered":"Justice has gotten swifter in Wisconsin; observers see room for more improvement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This post originally appeared at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/justice-has-gotten-swifter-in-wisconsin-observers-see-room-for-more-improvement\/\">https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/justice-has-gotten-swifter-in-wisconsin-observers-see-room-for-more-improvement\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Two years after the Badger Institute and others rang alarm bells about delays in criminal justice because of staffing problems among Wisconsin\u2019s prosecutors and public defenders, and one year after the Legislature acted on those alarms, the early signs point toward swifter justice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"alignright size-large is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"739\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/e74sq7k37a8.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/wisconsin-criminal-case-timing-resolution-2003-2023-1024x739.jpg?strip=all&amp;lossy=1&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-53972\" style=\"width:474px;height:auto\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Click to expand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The median time it takes to close out felony criminal cases is down 5% from 2022 to 2023, and the median misdemeanor criminal case is reaching a conclusion 2% faster, according to figures from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wicourts.gov\/publications\/statistics\/circuit\/historicalcircuitstats.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wisconsin Court System<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This has helped with the number of backlogged criminal cases, which are down 7% below their pandemic peak \u2014 but are still 25% higher than their pre-pandemic level and 65% higher than in 2010.<\/p>\n<p>The results come after the Legislature <a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/celebrating-wisconsins-step-toward-swifter-criminal-justice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">passed a budget in the summer of 2023<\/a> that provided significant starting pay raises for assistant district attorneys and assistant public defenders and more flexibility for merit-based pay raises going forward.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/toward-swifter-justice-overburdened-prosecutors-and-public-defenders-linked-to-wisconsin-court-backlogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Badger Institute research<\/a> documented the gap between pay in starting positions as prosecutors or public defenders Wisconsin and the pay offered for similarly qualified individuals in other states or in other legal career paths. The State Public Defender\u2019s Office, the Wisconsin District Attorneys Association and the Director of State Courts Office also pressed lawmakers on the issue, <a href=\"https:\/\/wpr-public.s3.amazonaws.com\/wprorg\/2021_budget_coalition_white_paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">arguing that<\/a> difficulties in attracting and retaining staff contributed to delays.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/diggings\/courts-clogged\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Those delays<\/a> were severe and growing. As the Badger Institute <a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/toward-swifter-justice-overburdened-prosecutors-and-public-defenders-linked-to-wisconsin-court-backlogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">noted<\/a> in late 2022, it took more than a year for a court to resolve an armed robbery charge, 14 months to resolve a sexual assault case, and more than 15 months to resolve an allegation that someone committed a murder \u2014 delays <a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/why-a-limited-government-institute-supports-increased-government-spending\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">that harmed<\/a> public safety.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"alignright size-large is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"737\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/e74sq7k37a8.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/wisconsin-court-backlog-2010-2023-1024x737.jpg?strip=all&amp;lossy=1&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-53978\" style=\"width:456px;height:auto\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Click to expand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>It is too early to be able to empirically prove that Wisconsin\u2019s pay raises have affected case backlogs in the court system or the average time it takes to resolve a case, but this initial data appears promising. The core question is whether Wisconsin\u2019s court system will return to its pre-pandemic trend of incremental increases in delays or if it will continue moving toward swifter justice.<\/p>\n<p>The Legislature\u2019s response made the salaries for prosecutors and public defenders more competitive compared to the salaries paid to other public and private sector legal roles: a <a href=\"https:\/\/dpm.wi.gov\/Pages\/Employees\/CompensationPlan.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">32% increase<\/a> in starting wages \u2014 $56,659 a year before the raises, and $74,880 after \u2014\u00a0and a more than <a href=\"https:\/\/dpm.wi.gov\/Pages\/Employees\/CompensationPlan.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13% increase<\/a> for those already employed, with <a href=\"https:\/\/dpm.wi.gov\/Pages\/Employees\/CompensationPlan.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">small additional increases<\/a> going into effect this year. It was clear when the bipartisan Joint Finance Committee approved the pay increases in May of 2023 that they would happen, and the first higher paychecks\u00a0were issued in October of 2023.<\/p>\n<p>Wisconsin now sits near the top of the states we previously studied for similar roles, but many of them have also implemented substantial salary increases in recent years. For example, public defenders in <a href=\"https:\/\/minnesotareformer.com\/2023\/07\/11\/minnesota-public-defenders-to-get-as-much-as-66000-raises-under-tentative-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Minnesota<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/sfac.virginia.gov\/pdf\/General%20Gov\/2024\/01162024_No2_JLARC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Virginia<\/a> received starting salary bumps of 26% and 32% respectively.<\/p>\n<p>The entire market has seen increases in compensation over the past few years that undermine the increased competitiveness that was sought by these changes. Private sector attorneys have seen their average pay increase by 11% over the past two years.\u00a0Other public sector roles also continue to pay more than these forms of public service, with attorneys working for the University of Wisconsin system still making <a href=\"https:\/\/hr.wisc.edu\/standard-job-descriptions\/?job_subgroup=Legal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">$10,000 more<\/a> in their first year.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact on retention and recruitment of attorneys<\/h4>\n<p>The salary increases also appeared to have improved the retention and recruitment of attorneys somewhat with the <a href=\"https:\/\/madison.com\/news\/state-regional\/government-politics\/wisconsin-public-defender-prosecutor-vacancy-pay-raise\/article_0445d7f0-19fc-11ef-bb86-5ba8c8c5d692.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State Public Defender<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibmadison.com\/business-report\/vacancy-rates-for-prosecutors-public-defenders-drop-by-more-than-half\/article_7c40c33a-2435-11ef-8e74-db19cbce1ed9.html#:~:text=According%20to%20Wisconsin%20District%20Attorney&#039;s,14.4%25%20one%20year%20before%20that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wisconsin District Attorneys Association<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wpr.org\/justice\/prosecutor-public-defender-vacancies-down-following-approved-raises\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Department of Administration<\/a> all initially reporting decreased vacancies among assistant public defender and assistant district attorney roles.<\/p>\n<p>But there are still too few attorneys in these roles for the justice system to catch up, say those who oversee the system. Mindy Tempelis of the Wisconsin District Attorneys Association recently <a href=\"https:\/\/captimes.com\/news\/dane-countys-serious-crimes-often-taking-over-9-months-to-prosecute\/article_db99f822-7f68-11ef-85db-fbb752f102b2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">stated<\/a> that there is still a \u201cshortage of attorneys on both sides of the courtroom,\u201d noting that this shortage is causing a \u201cconstitutional level problem \u2026 such as people remaining in custody longer than they should or waiting for a defense attorney to be appointed.\u201d Adam Plotkin of the Wisconsin State Public Defender office agreed, citing the risk that delays pose to the availability of evidence. Remaining backlogs, he said, are a \u201crisk to public safety long term.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Justice still delayed<\/h4>\n<p>The Legislature\u2019s reforms notwithstanding, criminal justice cannot be considered swift in Wisconsin by any stretch of the imagination. It still takes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wicourts.gov\/publications\/statistics\/circuit\/docs\/disposumstate23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nearly nine months<\/a> to resolve the average felony case and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wicourts.gov\/publications\/statistics\/circuit\/docs\/felonystate23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">almost eighteen months<\/a> to resolve a first-degree murder case. The Badger Institute made other recommendations in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.badgerinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ProsecutorDefender_FINALforWEB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cMandate for Madison\u201d chapter<\/a>, such as increased data transparency and accountability for the state\u2019s court system \u2014 measures to permit a fuller diagnosis of the causes of backlogs.<\/p>\n<p>Some say there is more the Legislature can do when looking specifically at the compensation for prosecutors and public defenders in the state. Kent Lovern, who ran unopposed this year for Milwaukee County\u2019s district attorney, said that even though \u201cthere is no question about it that we would have lost more people without the pay increases,\u201d the county\u2019s prosecutor office is still \u201closing people to other public sector roles\u201d because the state is \u201cstill uncompetitive\u201d when it comes to compensation. He noted that the office has lost 18 prosecutors in the past year and that the six lost to either the U.S. Attorney\u2019s Office or the Wisconsin Department of Justice \u201cwere outstanding prosecutors with 10-plus years of experience.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Wisconsin Supreme Court appears to agree with him as it recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wpr.org\/news\/state-supreme-court-appoints-committee-to-address-attorney-shortage-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">launched a new committee<\/a> to figure out how to address the state\u2019s attorney shortage \u2014 which is most acutely felt in the state\u2019s public defense and prosecutor offices.<\/p>\n<p><em>Jeremiah Mosteller is an attorney and criminal justice policy expert who serves as a policy director at Americans for Prosperity and a visiting fellow at the Badger Institute.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Any\u00a0use or reproduction of Badger Institute articles or photographs requires prior written\u00a0permission.\u00a0To request permission to post articles on a website or print copies for distribution, contact Badger Institute President Mike Nichols at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:mike@badgerinstitute.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mike@badgerinstitute.org<\/a>\u00a0or 262-389-8239.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework\" data-form-theme=\"gravity-theme\" data-form-index=\"1\" id=\"gform_wrapper_21\">\n<div id=\"gf_21\" class=\"gform_anchor\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gform_heading\">\n<h2 class=\"gform_title\">Submit a comment<\/h2>\n<p class=\"gform_description\">\n<p class=\"gform_required_legend\">&#8220;<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>&#8221; 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} }]);                if (event &amp;&amp; event.defaultPrevented) {                return;         }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( &#8220;gform_wrapper_21&#8221; );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( &#8220;span&#8221; );            visibilitySpan.id = &#8220;gform_visibility_test_21&#8221;;            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( &#8220;afterend&#8221;, visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( &#8220;gform_visibility_test_21&#8221; );        let postRenderFired = false;                function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            jQuery( document ).trigger( &#8216;gform_post_render&#8217;, [21, current_page] );            gform.utils.trigger( { event: &#8216;gform\/postRender&#8217;, native: false, data: { formId: 21, currentPage: current_page } } );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;                var later = function() {                    timeout = null;                    if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args );                };                var callNow = immediate &amp;&amp; !timeout;                clearTimeout( timeout );                timeout = setTimeout( later, wait );                if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args );            };        }        const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() {            triggerPostRender();        }, 200 );        if ( visibilityTestDiv &amp;&amp; visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) {            const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) =&gt; {                mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) =&gt; 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